The most famous two include Wollega and Humera-1. Due to its importance as a major export commodity the area coverage and production has increased in the last consecutive years; There is an enormous potential to expand sesame seed production in Ethiopia through cultivation of additional new land. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. While many heirloom varieties begin life as a wild plant, some are later brought to various specialty coffee farms across the country, where they are cultivated, harvested, and processed. cultivated in western Ethiopia. Today, India and China are the world's largest producers of sesame, followed by Burma, Sudan, Mexico, Nigeria, Venezuela, Turkey, Uganda and Ethiopia. Sesame is only the second most exported commodity from the country, coffee being the first. Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties Cultivated in Ethiopia Kahsay T. Mawcha 1, *, Mulubrhan M. Gebru 2, Mewael K. Assefa 1, Mebrahtom Mesfin 3, Girma G. Gebre 4. The many varieties of Ethiopian sesame seeds make it suitable for a wide range of applications, either as seeds or oil products. The varieties were approved to be cultivated as commercial varieties in eastern Ethiopia in 2016 considering their contribution to the improvement of sesame seed and oil yields in the region. From the organic cultivation of the sesame and the harvest the crop in the Humera region, to processing in Addis Ababa and preparation for export. Sesame, (Sesamum indicum L.), is one of the world’s ancient important oilseed crop cultivated in more than 55 countries of the world belonging to the family Pedaliaceae and native of India. Sesame had good export potential. 7, 31–40. Sesame Seed. It is estimated that there are between 10,000 and 15,000 heirloom varieties in Ethiopia today, the majority of which have not been formally genetically identified. Ethiopia is a major sesame seed exporter in the world market. The Humera variety is appreciated worldwide for its aroma and sweet taste. Sesame cultivars / varieties presently under cultivation do not posses proven field resistance or Understanding of genetic variability of characters becomes essential. Sesame is the leading export crop in Ethiopia. sesame seeds in the world, behind India (FAOSTAT, 2012). The productivity of sesame in Ethiopia is below the world average due to lack of high yielding improved varieties. The major competitive advantage of the Wellega type is its high oil content. For a more in depth look at our processes, check out this video of our organic sesame sourcing project in Ethiopia. Review of Sesame Value Chain in Ethiopia Terefe Negasa Abebe Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Abstract This current topic has analyzed the sesame value chain particularly the case of Ethiopia. The varieties that are well known are Humera Gonder and Wellega. Market Shares in global exports. Numerous wild relatives occur in Africa and a smaller number in India. In 2005/06 Ethiopia exported 237, 565 tons valued at about US$198M (84 million Birr), accounting for roughly 94% of the total export earning from oilseeds and 19% of total national export earning, according to the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange (ECX). The country mostly trades the crop in whole, raw form. The cultivation of sesame has grown since 2000, owing to its high value on the export market and good adaptability in the country. Broadcasting seeds is the most common seeding method used by smallholder farmers. ), which is normally not the preference of the recipient world markets. Contact info . Sesame is a major cash crop, which is mainly produced as an export crop. PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT Sesame, an erect herbaceous annual plant in the genus Sesamum, locally called “Selit” or “Simsim,” is one of the major economically important oil crops in Ethiopia. The sesame seeds cultivated in Somalia are characterized as being inherently low yielding and having uneven seed sizes. Seed yield of sesame can vary considerably between genotypes and seasons due to GEI (Suvarna et al., 2011). East Afr. 4.4% Ranked 7th. Sesame is commonly grown as a rainfed crop in north western part of Ethiopia, but its productivity significantly improved when the crop is cultivated under irrigation. 1 Department of Plant Sciences, Aksum University Shire Campus, Shire, Ethiopia. Its seed coat is white or ashen-colored. 0.0% Ranked 168th. Sesame propagation is by broadcasting or seed drilling in rows. Different Sesame Varieties and Oil Yield, Ethiopia large amounts of oil. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Mekelle University Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Sesame varieties in Ethiopia go up to 14 distinct types. Market Shares in global imports. 5.9% Ranked 5th. J. Sci. The Gonder type is also suitable for the bakery market. demand for sesame from Ethiopia is high (Rutes et al., 2015). The area covered by sesame and total production is increasing in the last years due to its attractive prices in the export market. Ethiopia. The most commonly known oilseeds (conventional oil seeds) are groundnut, soybean, palm kernel, cotton seed, olive, sunflower seed, sesame seed, linseed, etc. It is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world and is cultivated for its edible seeds, which grow in pods. Production Regions. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the extent of genetic variation among yield and 19 yield components. Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties Cultivated in Ethiopia Kahsay T. Mawcha 1, *, Mulubrhan M. Gebru 2, Mewael K. Assefa 1, Mebrahtom Mesfin 3, Girma G. Gebre 4 Hagos and Fetien (2011) reported that 13 sesame genotypes grown at different sites in the northwestern Ethiopia showed significant genotype by location interactions for seed yield. Organic Sesame from Ethiopia. Sesame is an oil crop known by different names such benniseed (Sesamum indicum) in Nigeria, simsim, til [4]. World production in 1985 was 2.53 million tons on 16.3 million acres. The Ethiopian sesame seed is ranked as one of the best in the world and is one of the countries that harvests the seed the in the world. Sesame is cultivated both by smallholders and at larger industrial scales. Sesame is Ethiopia’s most vital oilseed in both local and export markets. Genetic distance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) cultivars and varieties from northwestern Ethiopia using inter simple sequence repeat markers. [3]. The main reasons for low productivity of sesame are its rainfed cultivation in marginal and submarginal lands under poor management and input starved conditions. Shares in this product's production. Table 1: Sesame Varieties in Ethiopia Source: Crop Variety Register Issue No. The average yield is low due to the use of traditional cultural practices and unimproved local cultivars. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. It was a highly prized oil crop of Babylon and Assyria at least 4,000 years ago. Sesame humera is a key crop in the western parts of Tigray. In Ethiopia a large number of sesame seed varieties exist. In Ethiopia, the present sesame varieties under cultivation have less than 1 tone ha-1 yield whereas its potential goes up to 2 tonnes ha-1 (Wijnands et al., 2007). doi: 10.1007/s12298-016-0385-8 It requires just 600 to 100 mm of rainfall annually to thrive. Above all, the existing local sesame seed variety has mixed seed color coats (white, white creamy, gray, reddish, black, etc. This recalls that the increase in productivity of sesame can greatly contribute to the economic development of the country. However, improved varieties and agro production technologies capable of increasing the productivity levels of sesame are now developed for different agro ecological situations in the country. In Ethiopia, cultivated sesame cultivars have indeterminate flowering habit which will continue flowering as long as moisture and nutrients are available. It has the highest oil content of between 54 and 56 percent. Sesame is popularly known as Til or gingelly. Sesame seed is an important crop worldwide, enriched with primary nutrients and bioactive compounds. In April 2008, the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX) was established as a platform for the trade of undifferentiated crops such as wheat, maize, sesame and haricot beans. Sesame seed is one of the oilseed crops grown in Ethiopia. Introduction: ello grain farmers today we are here to help you with sesame cultivation income, sesame yield per acre, project report, and net profits, Sesame(Sesameindicum L.) is a popular oil seed crop belongs to the family Pedaliaceae. and development of sesame varieties for the optimum and moisture stress areas on collection of sesame germplasms, study of biotic and abiotic factors to enhance sesame productivity. Analysis - Today, the sesame market in Ethiopia, one of the major exporters of the seeds in the world, is blooming and the reasons are many. The seeds are often mixed with sand, soil or ash and then broadcast or drilled by hand in small furrows. It is suitable for various bakery products. Revealed Comparative Advantage help. Today, India and China are the world's largest producers of sesame, followed by Burma, Sudan, Mexico, Nigeria, Venezuela, Turkey, Uganda and Ethiopia. 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