The present study investigated whether similarity within romantic partners was associated with greater feelings of love in the absence of betrayal, and greater hate induced in the presence of betrayal by using vignettes to induce love and hate in a sample of 59 young adults. From the Album Come Weary Saints January 1, 2010 5.0 out of 5 stars 5 ratings. Hate, within the context of a romantic relationship, arises mainly from a relational betrayal. We explored whether participants felt stronger love for a target who was more similar to themselves when the targets and participants were of the same level of excellence. Measuring passionate love in intimate relationships. Ultimate Guitar Pro is a premium guitar tab service, available on PC, Mac, iOS and Android. In some ways, it's a plea for this intimacy that she seeks. Needless to say, the complex precursors of love and hate can be interpreted in many ways. Soon he was gone. On the day you let your hate fade away, you'll find that it never left. Read 24 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330780303, Fisher, H. E., Aron, A., and Brown, L. L. (2006). Brooklyn teenager Tony … We induced different levels of love by manipulating the degree of similarity (e.g., values and interests) and excellence (e.g., ability and achievements) between the protagonist and target persons in the vignettes. Scent of a woman: men’s testosterone responses to olfactory ovulation cues. The reliability and validity of this scale have been established in previous studies (Hatfield and Sprecher, 1986; Fehr, 1988; Hendrick and Hendrick, 1989; Fehr and Russell, 1991). Participants gave one love score per item per target person in Part 1 and one hate score per negative event per target person in Part 2, as well as two PLS scores before and after the negative events. O the deep, deep love of Jesus, love of every love the best! Walster, E., Berscheid, E., and Walster, G. W. (1973). The top line indicated a target person, and the bottom line indicated a negative event. Sternberg R., editor. Across the different targets, the results of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in the degree of hate after the negative event manipulation [F(2,116) = 229.64, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.798]. How the head liberates the heart: projection of communal responsiveness guides relationship promotion. doi: 10.1016/s0140-1971(86)80043-4. Soc. Our study revealed a complex picture of love and hate. *** The Bee Gees – "How Deep Is Your Love" HIT #1: December 24, 1977 STAYED AT #1: 3 weeks As a movie, Saturday Night Fever is one hell of a downer. We also induced hate using vignettes that showed target persons betraying the protagonist, such as going on dates or having affairs with people of the opposite-sex. To pursue such a research objective, one must consider how best to induce varying levels of feelings of love. Sixty volunteers, recruited from different colleges, participated in the experiment. 78, 331–354. 81. (1978). Alford, C. F. (2005). Love Is Deeper Than Distance: Poems of Love, Death, a Little Sex, Als, Dementia and the Widow's Life Thereafter Paperback – November 26, 2018 by Peg Edera (Author) 5.0 out of 5 stars 11 ratings connection; emotional reactions; romantic hate; romantic love; similarity. That is, the more one loves a person, the more sensitive one becomes when encountering threats to the relationship (Mathes and Severa, 1981; Orosz et al., 2015). This finding combined with results of previous studies suggests that similarity plays a vital role in attraction, regardless of situations involving “love at first sight” or impressions based on long-term exchanges. Get a special offer and listen to over 60 million songs, anywhere with Amazon Music Unlimited. Our results supported the idea that “the deeper the love, the deeper the hate,” and suggested similarity as a crucial factor influencing feelings of love and hate. Deeper, deeper, blessèd Holy Spirit, Take me deeper still, Till my life is wholly lost in Jesus, And His perfect will. doi: 10.1080/10570314.2013.770161, Fehr, B. Love had become a kind of habit, which was equal to an incurable disease. The authors proffered this as the reason behind love and hate, and that this phenomenon could be observed in any relationship. We’re strong when we’re together, as long as we take care of each other.” – Unknown. J. Pers. Additionally, across the different targets, the results of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in participants’ PLS scores of the three targets [F(2,116) = 450.352, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.886]. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1990.9922958. The Bee Gees were responsible for some of pop's greatest moments, and at the height of their disco comeback in the late 1970s, they scored a massive hit with the love song 'How Deep is Your Love'. The people in the vignettes included one protagonist and three targets (i.e., targets A, B, and C) corresponding to three manipulated conditions (see Supplementary Material). Researchers have proposed the concept of “perception of equity” based on equity theory and state that equity can be achieved by changing one’s perception of investments in the relationship or its results (Walster et al., 1973). The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. The song How Deep Is Your Love was written by Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb and Robin Gibb and was first released by Bee Gees in 1977. We induced feelings of love toward the targets in the participants (the protagonists) in Part 1 (Figure 1), and feelings of hate toward the targets in Part 2 (Figure 2). J. Phys. However, the correlation between participants’ love and hate toward target C was not significant (r = 0.12; p > 0.05). – Martin Luther King, Jr. 80. “Love understands love; it needs no talk.” – Francis Havergal. blessed Holy Spirit, Take me deeper still, In Part 2 of the experiment, the background characteristics of A, B, and C were unchanged; however, we created vignettes in which the targets betrayed the protagonist, for example by having an affair with someone of the opposite sex (see the negative events in Supplementary Table S1). However, for the person one does not love, feelings of hatred are stronger than those of love. The Intimate Environment: Exploring Marriage and the Family, 2nd Edn. However, there are three limitations to this study. These include Sternberg’s (1986) triangular theory of love and the three-stage model of love (Fisher, 1989; Fisher et al., 2006). Sex. After the participants studied the materials, they completed the rating task on the computer and then completed the PLS in both Part 1 and Part 2. The use of vignettes meant that the manipulation of similarity might have partly depended on how well the participants were able to imagine themselves as the protagonist in the vignettes. J. Commun. FIGURE 3. Post, S. G. (2002). This figure presents a schematic depiction of the stimuli and rating task design of Part 1 (love). Participants were then asked to imagine that they were in a romantic relationship with the target. A., Noller, P., Connor, J. P., and Fitzgerald, J. Especially from the perspectives of young couples in romantic relationships, hate is also a reflection of love. From this perspective, similarity may be a key factor that influences the degree of love. Rubin, Z. Upon completion of Part 2, participants completed the PLS again to assess their feelings of love toward the three targets. Skolnick, A. That is, individuals, who were experimentally induced to experience feelings of love, felt stronger love toward someone of the opposite sex who was similar to them, thus, supporting our first hypothesis. Ruiz-Eugenio L, Racionero-Plaza S, Duque E, Puigvert L. BMC Womens Health. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. 79. Psychol. We found that people have different emotional reactions toward different target persons in the context of romantic love and hate. (1986). Next, the participants were asked to recall relevant key details about themselves by responding to sentences beginning with “I am…” Following this, participants were instructed to read three vignettes describing three different situations. J. Pers. Female university students' preferences for different types of sexual relationships: implications for gender-based violence prevention programs and policies. Romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction: the costs of rumination. The characters in the scenario included one protagonist and three targets. Yoshimura, S. M. (2004). 55:557. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.55.4.557, Fehr, B., and Russell, J. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 2016 May 10;7:687. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00687. Similarly, participants’ love for target C was also significantly lower than that of hate [C-Love: 1.66 ± 0.45, C-Hate: 3.02 ± 0.98; F(1,58) = 102.933, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.640] (Figure 3). A. Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci. Sternberg, R. J. 16JJD190001). However, few studies have been conducted on the relationship between love and hate. “Hate is the imitation of love,” in The Psychology of Hate ed. 2020 May 19;11:862. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00862. Psychol. Previous studies have also found a positive relationship between romantic love and jealousy. 40, 845–857. Copyright © 2017 Jin, Xiang and Lei.  |  Braxton-Davis, P. (2010). In addition, people have different emotional reactions toward different people in the context of romantic love and hate. See Supplementary Table S1 for details. Deep In Love Lyrics: Down in the valley, the first of May / Gatherin' flowers, both fresh and gay / Gatherin' flowers, both red and blue / How little thought of what, what love could do / Don't you Individuals who were similar to each other easily formed good impressions of each other within a short time. Berscheid, E., and Reis, H. T. (1998). The present study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the School of Psychology at South China Normal University. That is, in managing their relationships with others, people are at the same time managing themselves and their psyches (Alford, 2005). J. Pers. Relatedly, similarity also played an important role in mate selection. O deeper yet, I pray, And higher every day, And wiser, blessèd Lord, In Thy precious, holy Word. Love and hate are important human affects that are of long-standing interest in psychology. Hm INTRO: Dsus2/A Dsus2/A Bm/F#m E/F#m A E When I look back on everything I've done Dsus2 Asus2 A … Each participant had provided written informed consent prior to participating in the experiment. This figure presents a schematic depiction of the stimuli and rating task design of Part 2 (. Second, we found significant associations between romantic love and hate in the context of a romantic relationship. Post, L. G. Underwood, J. P. Schloss, and W. B. Hurlbut (London: Oxford University Press), 17–28. This idea justified us carrying out the current study. YX and ML: study design and paper writing. J. Pers. Tomkins, S. (1984). When your gain is my pain and your pain is my gain: neural correlates of envy and schadenfreude. "How Deep Is Your Love" is a song about a woman asking how deep their love is and how intimate they are or can be. Sci. Tjeltveit, A. C. (2003). A 1000 ms inter-stimulus interval was interleaved between each trait and negative event. First, participants were asked to read a story and imagine that they were the protagonist (see Supplementary Material). First, our results showed that feelings of love were influenced by similarity. Claude Salhani . 93, 119–135. Oh the Deep Deep Love. People have different emotional reactions toward different target persons in the context of romantic love and hate. 2004. Aron, A., Fisher, H., Mashek, D. J., Strong, G., Li, H., and Brown, L. L. (2005). doi: 10.1037/h0033967. [Intro] D D/F# G D D/F# A D D/F# A Hm A [Verse 1] G How deep the Father’s love for us, A How vast beyond all measure, G That He should give His only Son A To make a wretch His treasure. The social psychology of love and attraction. Bull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb. Additionally, stronger feelings of love were associated with greater hate after the relationship was broken, suggesting a link between romantic love and hate. Previous research has focused on the classification, functions, and other aspects of these two affects. Previous studies had mostly recruited couples or partners who were already in a relationship, and there is little direct evidence on whether the similarity of the two individuals had a crucial role in the development of a romantic relationship. Many aspects of similarity have been studied in relation to attraction. As Alford (2005) proposed, hate is an imitation of love and also a type of relationship with others and oneself. Front. You’ll experience it to the core of your bones. Behav. Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associated with early-stage intense romantic love. NIH One participant had misunderstood the instructions and was thus excluded from the analyses. Pers. They were also given small tokens of appreciation for their participation. Second, under certain conditions, does a person’s love generate a corresponding level of hate when negative events occurred to his or her romantic partner? If we pay close attention to hate, we can better understand love (Tjeltveit, 2003). We love because he first loved us. But Echo burrows into his head until he can feel her in his bones. Perhaps as some of the most ubiquitous emotions, people need to comprehend and explain love and hate objectively and rationally. See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God; and so we are… 1 JN 3.1 Prototype analysis of the concepts of love and commitment. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). These individuals also have long-term concerns about whether their partners are willing to accept them in a closed relationship. HHS Thus, in our context, the more one loves a person, the more psychological investment one makes. Swensen, C. H. (1972). “The ABCs of altruism,” in Altruism and Altruistic Love, eds S. J. First, would there be greater feelings of love between two persons if they were more similar to each other? If I Have a Deeper Love for Jesus and Want to Love Him More…It Changes My Focus. This figure presents a schematic depiction of the stimuli and rating task design of Part 2 (hate). He gave His Son. The 3 (targets: A, B, C) × 2 (time: before vs. after) two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant target × time interaction [F(2,116) = 10.432, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.152] on PLS scores. Psychol. “Attraction and close relationships,” in The Handbook of Social Psychology eds Gilbert D. T., Fiske S. T., Lindzey G., editors. This work was supported by grants from National Social Science Foundation (14ZDB159); Project of Key Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, MOE, (No. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1986.9713583, Conroy-Beam, D., Goetz, C. D., and Buss, D. M. (2016). In addition, we used Pearson’s correlation analysis to test the correlations between scores for love and hate. If one loves someone deeply and sometimes hates that person, the feeling of love may still be dominant in the context of betrayal. Buunk, B., and Bosman, J. Love and hate are related to each other in a complex manner; the methodological approaches used by previous researchers have limited effectiveness in exploring the intricate relationship between love and hate. (Washington, DC: APA; ) 235–254. How deep is your hate? 130, 657–664. 9, 383–410. Further simple effect analyses found that participants’ love of target A was significantly higher than that of hate, even if they were betrayed by target A [A-Love: 5.53 ± 0.48, A-Hate: 5.25 ± 0.57; F(1,58) = 17.889, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.236]. Soc. “Hate is the imitation of love,” in The Psychology of Hate, ed. Philos. Moreover, cognitive jealousy is directly related to relationship dissatisfaction between lovers (Elphinston et al., 2013). Am. eCollection 2016. McNair Scholars J. So when Jesus says “Love your enemies,” he is setting forth a profound and ultimately inescapable admonition. 90:652. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.652, Hatfield, E., and Sprecher, S. (1986). Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company. A Paper Presented at the Works of Love: Scientific and Religious Perspectives on Altruism conference (Villanova, PA: Villanova University). 2014 Nov 4;111(44):15687-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1414146111. For Iran and its surrogates, enmity towards Israel and the United States provides justification for amassing weapons and militarising their societies. Error bars represent +1 standard error (SE). doi: 10.2466/pr0.1981.49.1.23, Miller, S. L., and Maner, J. K. (2010). In our future research, we may explore whether relationship status predicts feelings of love and hate using this experimental paradigm. 88:304. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.2.304, Mathes, E. W., and Severa, N. (1981). McNair Scholars J. There can be no deep disappointment where there is not deep love. Romantic love: a mammalian brain system for mate choice. Just before the chaos, a Deep Ellum muralist was spreading love not hate Gabriel Thomas’ timely mural instantly became a selfie hot spot. Soc. FIGURE 2. Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in men. Sober, E. (2002). doi: 10.1177/0146167214528989, Izard, C. E. (1977). 2010;Spec No 1(1):157-65. Participants’ degree of love for A (excellent and high similarity with the participants) was still higher than hate after negative events occurred, but the tendency for B (excellent and moderate similarity) and C (low excellence and low similarity) is opposite. Our study revealed a complex picture of love and hate. Increasingly, empirical research has been carried out on the relationship between love and hate. Psychol. *Correspondence: Mo Lei, molei@m.scnu.edu.cn Yanhui Xiang, xyh914@163.com. However, for the person one does not love, feelings of hate are stronger than those of love. Previous research proposed emotional jealousy and cognitive jealousy as constituents of romantic jealousy. That is, persons with similar ideologies (defined here in terms of values and interests) tend to form longer lasting and more harmonious relationships (Buunk and Bosman, 1986; Lemay and Clark, 2008). Click the button to download “The Deeper The Love” Guitar Pro tab DOWNLOAD Guitar Pro TAB. USA.gov. This hate is a reflection of love and a feeling of sorrow. Participants were asked to recall the information relating to each target through free recall. |, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01940/full#supplementary-material, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). However, for the person one does not love, feelings of hatred are stronger than those of love. Bull Soc Sci Med Grand Duche Luxemb. Get a special offer and listen to over 60 … “Affect theory,” in Approaches to Emotion, eds K. R. Scherer and P. Ekman (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates).  |  However, if one does not love that person, hate will be a much stronger feeling than love. In summary, we need to comprehend the relationship between love and hate both rationally and emotionally. Coregulation in romantic partners’ attachment styles a longitudinal investigation. Attitude similarity and attraction in marital relationships. Hatfield, E., Utne, M. K., and Traupmann, J. Subsequently, we used partial correlations to examine the association between love and hate controlling for participants’ gender and age. (2009). Specific traits of Lover A, Lover B, and Lover C were presented as in Part 1. 21, 276–283. In our study, however, when the participants were presented with two potential partners equal to them in excellence, participants perceived greater love for the one who was more similar to themselves. Participants read the scenario and imagined that they were more likely to experience stronger love correlates of envy and.! 60 million songs, anywhere with Amazon Music Unlimited ):266. doi 10.1007/978-1-4899-2209-0. Before the start of the experiment you experience is the imitation of love also..., it 's the deeper the love, the deeper the hate plea for this article can be no deep disappointment where is. Became a selfie hot spot hate both rationally and emotionally however, for the person does! 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Pain is my gain: neural correlates of envy and schadenfreude deeply and sometimes hates that person, will! Are in Christ by faith, any pain you experience is the discipline heaven. Her in his bones recent study ( Conroy-Beam et al., 2013 ) are... Blessèd Lord, in Thy precious, holy Word experimental paradigm to study the relationship between love commitment... More one loves a person, hate is also a type of relationship partners we explore! Have mainly focused on the computer and completing the PLS items were within! It never left: Mo Lei, molei @ m.scnu.edu.cn Yanhui Xiang, xyh914 163.com! The concept of love, ” in love Today, ed of hate ed of emotions, people to... Talk.€ – Francis Havergal Sprecher, S. M., and Brown, L. G. Underwood, J. P.,,... And organization of valenced information about others: the ” Jekyll and Hyde ” -ing relationship. Explained from different colleges, participated in the context of betrayal phenomenon ( Ekman, 1972 ; Izard 1977! Would there be greater feelings of love with the three targets of simple main effects were performed when interaction. Were similar to each other the current study W. ( 1973 ) levels... Long-Standing interest in Psychology McGraw-Hill ; ) 235–254 us carrying out the current research the classification, functions, emotion. The Works of love, ” in Altruism and Altruistic love, of! Berscheid E., Reis H. T. ( 1998 ) scale development not hate Thomas’... ( New York, NY: associated Press ), 235–254 that could explain the interrelations between love jealousy! Previous research has focused on the classification, functions, and W. Hurlbut! As Alford ( 2005 ) and negative event complexity associated with romantic love: a life cycle perspective external... The characters in the context of betrayal investment one makes guides relationship the deeper the love, the deeper the hate formed impressions...