Molecular and morphometric studies of species boundaries within a green algal genus, Epi-endophytic symbiosis between Laminariocolax aecidioides (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) and Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) growing on Argentinian coasts, Phylogenetic analyses of the bryopsidales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on RUBISCO large subunit gene sequences, Ultrastructure of some species of Halimeda (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from Brazil, Multi-taxa coral reef community structure in relation to habitats in the Baa Atoll Man and Biosphere UNESCO Reserve (Maldives), and implications for its conservation, Reproductive features of Hawaiian Halimeda velasquezii (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), and an evolutionary assessment of reproductive characters in Halimeda, Analyse de la diversité du genre Halimeda en Nouvelle-Calédonie : analyses morphologiques et ADN, Biogenic carbonate formation and sedimentation in the Xisha Islands: evidences from living Halimeda, Progress of the taxonomic research on the macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) along the East African coast, Halimeda cuneata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta), a new record for the Atlantic Ocean, A new family of Paleo-Mesozoic calcareous Green Siphons-algae (Order Bryopsidales, Class Bryopsidophyceae, Phylum Siphonophyta), Amplification and Direct Sequencing of Fungal Ribosomal RNA Genes for Phylogenetics, Picoplanktonic Choricystis species (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) and problems surrounding the morphologically similar ‘Nannochloris-like algae’, Calcification in the green alga Halimeda. This raises the 250 350 400 450 500 550 600 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Recently, through genomic data mining, the biogenetic gene cluster, a PKS/NRPS hybrid synthetase, for the production of 170 has been identified in the fully sequenced genome of A. nidulans.171 Interestingly, the levels of emericellamide production in A. nidulans cultured alone were comparable to the bacterium-stimulated marine fungus. However, most lack the appropriate intercellular spaces, and the outer cortex where chloroplasts and photosynthesis are concentrated is densely packed with cells. The procedures are simple, rapid, involve no organic solvents and do not require multiple tube transfers for most types of samples. Mature tropical marine algae were transplanted from Jamaica, Bermuda, and Florida to aquaria at Duke University, North Carolina and The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was concluded that the isolated strains were attributable to this species, one of the most common representatives of green picoplankton in freshwater ecosystems. Longitudinal sections of the segment were cut from near the center using a scalpel and The new species Halimeda batanensis W. R. Taylor was included in this study. A computationally feasible method for finding such maximum likelihood estimates is developed, and a computer program is available. However, for optimal exploitation of the information contained in the alignment, a method must be available that takes into account the local sequence variability in the computation of evolutionary distance. aff. hidup melekat pada batu di pinggiran luar rataan terumbu jarang dijumpai. We propose recognizing f. chordaeformis at the species level, as C. chordaeformis (Kjellman) Kawai & S.H. juga mengandung caulerpenin yang menunjukkan bioaktivitas terhadap sel line manusia dan memiliki sifat antikanker, antitumor, dan antiproliferasi (Chew et al., 2008). These assemblages appear to be unusual relics of ecological conditions that were dominant in Paleozoic seas. The very unusual abundance at such latitudes of rhynchnonelliform brachiopods (two groups: Terbratulina + Argyrotheca and Bouchardia + Platidia) occurs on the outer shelf of the South Brazilian Bight, always on carbonate sediments to which they themselves contribute. and new Koliella, Gloeotila and Marvania isolates were included in the Nannochloris-like clade. Instead, it is either the sister taxon to the Caulerpales or basal to the Caulerpales and S/C clade The Trentepohliales is also included at the base of the siphonous and siphonocladous ulvophycean clade. The discovery of these four introns, in addition to two others known to exist in other chlorophycean green algae, suggests that group I introns within the 18S rRNA gene may be relatively common in the green algae. Udoteacean algae, identical or related to Halimeda, have been recorded in shallow-marine carbonate rocks since Upper Triassic. Caulerpa serulata, C. racemosa Jania sp, Padina sp, Dictyota sp, Udotea sp and Neomeris sp. These seaweeds are made up of small, hard segments that are joined together. Descripción. New H. renschii material includes collections from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. These species are conventionally attributed to four genera (Arabicodium Elliott, Boueina Toula, Halimeda Lamouroux, Leckhamptonella Elliott), but the validity of these taxa is a matter of discussion (generic or subgeneric position, or synonyma of Halimeda?) The average biomass ofHalimeda per m2 of solid substratum increased progressively on a series of reefs situated at increasing distances from the shore in the central Maceration is one of traditional cold extraction methods used to solve the bioactive compound conveniently. (5) Distance measures that generate the correct topology, with high probability, do not necessarily give good estimates of branch lengths. Halimeda (Figure 10.2) is a member of the green algal order Siphonales and is further described in Chapter 14. Seven sponge species are present, encrusting and boring forms (Chondrilla nucula and Cliona langae) dominating. Compound 178 was synthesized by solid-phase synthesis using a sulfonamide linker resin.178. is a green algal genus that is an important component of tropical reefs and lagoons. The other mastophoroid genera were divided into six lineages within the family Corallinaceae. In particular, EMBRC aims to drive forward the development of blue biotechnologies. The calcification is primarily extracellular and does not involve ion pumping by membranes. Compound 179 contains the unusual amino acid (2S)-2-amino-8-hydroxydecanoic acid, while 178 contains its oxidized derivative (S)-2-amino-8-oxodecanoic acid (Aoda). produced a marine bacterium-specific antibiotic (39). ex De Toni 1889 (13 sp. Biol. Yanaqocha RA1, Koliella spiculiformis, 'Chlorella minutissima' C-1.1.9. Get PDF (6 MB) Cite . These structure diagrams are available online through our computer-network WWW server and anonymous ftp, as The calcareous green alga Halimeda is common in shallow lagoon sites of Enewetak Atoll, and accounts for a high percent of the total reef carbonate budget. mampu memodulasi sistem pertahanan non spesifik pada udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei). sp.). L'algue fixe le carbonate de calcium, ce qui lui donne sa rigidité et la rend immangeable pour la plupart des espèces herbivores.. Antibacterial Potential Screening of Halimeda sp on Some Types of Pathogenic Bacteria ex De Toni 1889 (7 sp. Isolation of Potentially Active Compounds from Halimeda sp. Coral colonies grow sparsely forming large individuals. Halimeda opuntia, halimeda sp, Udotea sp, Chaetomorpha errata, Caetomorpha crassa, Borgesenia forbesii, Jika: ID—I maka pola penyebran secra acak IDI maka pola penyebran berkelompok ludwig dan Reynolds (1988) dalam Manginsela dkk. A collection of diverse 16S and 16S-like rRNA secondary structure diagrams are available. run on a wide variety of computers ranging from Unix workstations to massively parallel systems, and is available from the (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS). La structure cellulaire est de type siphonné. Hippocampus histrix, Timor Oriental.jpg 4,000 × 3,000; 6.47 MB. The results obtained are as follows: (1) When the R value is high, dynamically weighted parsimony is more efficient than unweighted parsimony in obtaining the correct topology. This may be because T. ventricosus is most abundant on areas of broken rock and rock flats. nov. Based on 18S rDNA sequence and lack of chlorophyll b, Nannochloris sp. sp., Cymopolia elongata. Externally added nucleophiles compete with the algal proteins for 22 and suppress polymer formation.54, The calcified green alga Neomeris annulata manufactures a range of brominated sesquiterpenes 24–26, which are concentrated in the fleshy tips of this algae,55 and which are individually deterrent to parrotfishes and the sea urchin, although a mixture of the three metabolites does not increase deterrency.56, These various examples all demonstrate that green algae use both chemical and physical defenses against predators.24,51,55, In brown algae, variable patterns of deterrency against herbivores are apparent even for closely related diterpenoid metabolites such as the metabolites pachydictyol-A 27, and dictyol B acetate 28 from Dictyota ciliolata57 and dictyol-E 29 from D. menstrualis.58,59 The terpenes acutilol A 30, acutilol A acetate 31, and acutilol B 32 from Dictyota acutiloba showed contrasting effects in feeding studies using tropical and temperate fishes or sea urchins.60 Small sedentary grazers such as amphipods often select chemically defended seaweeds as host plants to avoid predation by reef fishes. We are currently at a point where newsequencing technologies are accelerating the reconstruction and the resolution of the FishTree of Life. * Family Halimedaceae updated Jan 12. Alan R. Longhurst, in Ecological Geography of the Sea (Second Edition), 2007. In fact, the dasycladalean algae are the group which contributed most to carbonate rock formation in the Triassic. The study was conducted as a test to determine the effectiveness of Halimeda sp seaweed extract on the growth of some types of pathogenic bacteria. By Gina Choi, Ipek Karacan, Sophie Cazalbou, Louise Evans, Sutinee Sinutok and Besim Ben-Nissan. Cross section of Ivanovia tebagaensis showing relationship between tissues A. and well-preserved membrane B. Bar=0.5 mm. These reefs are low relief, and are associated with high energy seas and currents. Compounds 180–183 were neither cytotoxic in their own right nor did they synergize the chaetoglobosin cytotoxicity, and furthermore they displayed no antibacterial or antifungal properties. Since then there has been little apparent reference to the type description or collection of H. renschii, with the result that much of the material in herbaria assigned to H. opuntia f. renschii is not this taxon. The application of maximum likelihood techniques to the estimation of evolutionary trees from nucleic acid sequence data is discussed. Bar=2 cm. were collected from the Obhur Creek of Jeddah coastal waters (near KAU Obhur marine station, N21 42.551', E 039 05.763') and transported to the laboratory. sp.) The species from the Yukon, I. triassica, is interesting because it displays sexual reproductive structures in the form of stalked spherical outgrowths from the thallus that are interpreted as oogonia, and dome-shaped protuberances thought to be male gametangia (Torres, 2003). Alignment positions can then be subdivided into a number of sets of matching variability, and the average variability of each set can be derived. Calcareous alga Lithothamnium fornicatum (Extant). Based on the rDNA sequence analyses, P. paucicellulare and P. sarcinoideum are transferred to the genus Gloeotilopsis Iyengar et Philipose, and the previous assignments of P. erumpens and P. terrestre to the genus Leptosira Borzi are substantiated. The NJ method may give a correct topology even when the distance measures used are not unbiased estimators of nucleotide substitutions. The secondary metabolites of marine organisms have proven over time to … The cell membranes lining the utricular wall have macromolecules probably with attached exposed calcium ions that initiate aragonite crystal growth. The nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of the unicellular green alga Ankistrodesmus stipitatus contains a group I intron, The alga apparently reproduced asexually by forming outgrowths (buds) on a parental thallus; the mode of sexual reproduction in this species is unknown. Halimeda also grew considerably deeper than the corals. A model for calcification in Halimeda is proposed based on the results of this and previous papers. were collected, rinsed briey in fresh water, and pre-pared for SEM. We propose including the 13 marine or saline, autosporic taxa (excluding N. eucaryotum UTEX 2502) in the new genus Picochlorum until distinctive morphological or biochemical characters are identified that would indicate multiple genera corresponding to subclades. In simulations of phylogeny with varying rates of mutation (up to levels that produce random variation among taxa), the skewness of tree-length distributions is closely related to the success of parsimony in finding the true phylogeny. Analysis of random data often yields a single most-parsimonious tree, especially if the number of characters examined is large and the number of taxa examined is small (both often true in molecular studies). Populasi dan Keanekaragaman Hewan Makrobenthos pada Perairan Tertutup dan Terbuka di Teluk Awur, Jepara. The secondary metabolites of marine organisms have proven over time to be an important source of structurally diverse and biologically active compounds. The P1 value for the MP method increases with increasing number of nucleotides but is still generally lower than the value for the NJ or DW method. As the segments aged, the interutricular spaces became filled with crystals. Choricystis hindakii Tell should be reduced to synonymy with C. minor. of an RNA catalytic center. Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00708. I incorporate morphology with genetic information, hereby generating the reference barcodes. Summary of experiments to determine the impact of ocean 167 acidification and ocean warming on aragonite and Mg-calcite species 8.1.1. This suggests that a large "visual adaptive zone" might be characterized by relatively high activity. Nature Picture Library offers the best nature photographs and footage from the world's finest photographers, to license for commercial and creative use. Although both L. variegatus and T. ventricosus occur in Discovery Bay, Jamaica (Keller, 1983), only L. variegatus is found in the lush meadows of T. testudinum in Jamaica Bay (Greenway, 1995). These sections fortuitously include abundant thick intra-formational slumps containing shallow-water fauna more appropriate for biological comparison with the Caribbean biota. and Crypticae Hillis-Colinvaux 1980 (1 sp.) Eventually, much of the algal captured carbon, after being grazed, is respired by animals, but a good part of this released CO2 is removed up into the water column, above the algal surface, or off in the adjacent lagoon. The 18S rRNA coding regions of L. obovata, P. erumpens, and P. terrestre Fritsch et John are identical; these taxa belong to the Trebouxiophyceae. Apical segments from both archived and recently collected samples were removed from a thallus and placed on a glass plate under a stereomicroscope. The chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids content were measured at a wavelength of 663 nm, 646 nm, and 470 nm. The Paleozoic calcified marine green algae also include species assigned to the Codiaceae that lived in dense colonies in warm, relatively shallow waters (Torres, 1995, 1999; Torres et al., 2003). Four group I introns from the nuclear-encoded (18S) rRNA genes of three chlorophycean green algae are described; two are in Dunaliella parva, and one each is in D. salina and Characium saccatum. Performa Halimeda sp Performa makroalga Halimeda sp yang dikoleksi dari alam dan performa mak-roalga setelah diinjeksi dengan konsentrasi 385 ppm, 750 ppm dan 1.000 ppm CO 2 tertera pada Gambar 1. Both compounds showed modest antibacterial activities against MRSA. Halimeda . The relative efficiencies of the maximum parsimony (MP) and distance-matrix methods in obtaining the correct tree (topology) were studied by using computer simulation. Acicularia. New H. renschii material includes collections from the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Halimeda . (2) However, both weighted and unweighted parsimony methods are generally less efficient than the NJ and ML methods even in the case where the MP method gives a consistent tree. range in colder-water areas compared to the typical form (f. flagelliformis). and Halimeda sp., but on only 11 samples were performed at X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), infrared (IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), chemical elements Thus, the arrangement of basal bodies does not diagnose a monophyletic group. The study was conducted as a test to determine the effectiveness of Halimeda sp seaweed extract on the growth of some types of pathogenic bacteria. The program can be urope. In one analysis of nine angiosperm families and 40 variable amino acid positions from three proteins, the most parsimonious cladograms were 151 steps long and contained 63 parallelisms and reversals (consistency index = 0.583). This strongly suggests that the Isthmus was effectively closed by this time. The paleoenvironmental setting of the Mesozoic and the Tertiary is comparable with that of recent Halimeda: lagoonal as well as reefal environments are already known from Upper Triassic occurrences. The study was conducted as a test to determine the effectiveness of Halimeda sp seaweed extract on the growth of some types of pathogenic bacteria. In general, most of the known members of the destruxin class of cyclic depsipeptides have been isolated from Metarrhizium anisopliae, and have been described to exhibit interesting biological activities including insecticidal, cytotoxic, antiviral, immunodepressant, and phytotoxic properties.174. The results of a concordance study are presented in which the DQ alpha genotypes of 84 samples prepared using Chelex or using conventional phenol-chloroform extraction are compared. 5 is smaller (≪3 min). We analyzed 8,000 random data matrices consisting of 10-500 binary or four-state characters and 5-25 taxa to study several options for detecting signal in systematic data bases. Another, such as that used by algal turfs, is to grow and reproduce very rapidly. Ciri-ciri - Tumbuhan thallus - Alga tegak - Alat perekat berupa rhizoid - berwarbna hijau karena mengandung klorofil - Thallusnya menyerupai daun. The thallus of Halimeda is constructed entirely of branching filaments that are matted together to form a plant body, which in some species may reach over a meter in length. Cladistic analysis of nuclear-encoded rRNA sequence data provided us with the basis for some new hypotheses of relationships within the green algal class Ulvophyceae. Halimeda is a well-known tropical benthic genus of green algae. UTEX 2379 should be reassigned to the Eustigmatophyceae. Living specimens of Halimeda sp. 3. These intervals bracket postulated dates for final closure of the Isthmus and provide the first well-dated record of middle and late Pliocene faunas from the region. On the Caribbean side, formations tied together by the overlap of the upper Pliocene markers Sphenolithus abies and Pseudoemiliana lacunosa (3.5 Ma to 3.6 Ma) range from very shallow to shallow inner shelf (<200 m) and upper slope (200-800 m). Wave length 517 nm divide by binary cell division had inner and outer cortices composed of utricles surrounding central! An ecosystem using HTS data often produced cases in which the correct tree was one of cold... May be useful in helping to classify ‘ true ’ marine bacteria advantages over the traditional parsimony algorithms, is! Emendation supports Setchell ’ s ( 1943 ) original definition of the common species span a bathymetric! Equally parsimonious trees forming rather large 'thickets ' covering an area of 40-50cm Halimeda tuna terdiri dari rantai bercabang potongan! 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